Imiquimod is a unique topical medication that can be used to treat a number of dermatologic conditions, including warts, sun damage, actinic keratosis, and even superficial skin cancers. The active ingredient in this cream works by stimulating the body’s own immune system to attack atypical skin cells.
How does Imiquimod work?
By stimulating the immune system, imiquimod makes sure atypical cells are detected by the body’s natural surveillance system, attacked, and destroyed.
Imiquimod specifically activates the Toll-like receptor-7 pathway in the immune system. This pathway is used by cells to recognize foreign disease-causing substances (pathogens) when they enter the body. Activation of the pathways leads to the generation of cytokines, or tiny molecular messengers in the body that stimulate the immune system to act.
Imiquimod cream is applied to the skin anywhere from twice a week to daily, depending on the condition being treated. Treatment usually lasts a number of weeks or even a few months.
Most patients experience some degree of inflammation at the site the cream is applied. This is a normal reaction that typically shows up as a red, itchy rash, almost like dermatitis or eczema. When the treatment is stopped, the reaction subsides, leaving normal skin behind.
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